LDR (literal)

Load Register (literal) calculates an address from the PC value and an immediate offset, loads a word from memory, and writes it to a register. For information about memory accesses see Memory accesses.

It has encodings from the following instruction sets: A32 ( A1 ) and T32 ( T1 and T2 ) .

A1

313029282726252423222120191817161514131211109876543210
!= 1111010PU0W11111Rtimm12
cond

A1 (!(P == 0 && W == 1))

LDR{<c>}{<q>} <Rt>, <label> // (Normal form)

LDR{<c>}{<q>} <Rt>, [PC, #{+/-}<imm>] // (Alternative form)

if P == '0' && W == '1' then SEE "LDRT"; constant t = UInt(Rt); constant imm32 = ZeroExtend(imm12, 32); constant add = (U == '1'); constant wback = (P == '0') || (W == '1'); if wback then UNPREDICTABLE;

CONSTRAINED UNPREDICTABLE behavior

If wback, then one of the following behaviors must occur:

T1

1514131211109876543210
01001Rtimm8

T1

LDR{<c>}{<q>} <Rt>, <label> // (Normal form)

constant t = UInt(Rt); constant imm32 = ZeroExtend(imm8:'00', 32); constant add = TRUE;

T2

15141312111098765432101514131211109876543210
11111000U1011111Rtimm12

T2

LDR{<c>}.W <Rt>, <label> // (Preferred syntax, and <Rt>, <label> can be represented in T1)

LDR{<c>}{<q>} <Rt>, <label> // (Preferred syntax)

LDR{<c>}{<q>} <Rt>, [PC, #{+/-}<imm>] // (Alternative syntax)

constant t = UInt(Rt); constant imm32 = ZeroExtend(imm12, 32); constant add = (U == '1'); if t == 15 && InITBlock() && !LastInITBlock() then UNPREDICTABLE;

For more information about the constrained unpredictable behavior of this instruction, see Architectural Constraints on UNPREDICTABLE behaviors.

Assembler Symbols

<c>

See Standard assembler syntax fields.

<q>

See Standard assembler syntax fields.

<Rt>

For encoding A1: is the general-purpose register to be transferred, encoded in the "Rt" field. The PC can be used. If the PC is used, the instruction branches to the address (data) loaded to the PC. This is an interworking branch, see Pseudocode description of operations on the AArch32 general-purpose registers and the PC.

For encoding T1: is the general-purpose register to be transferred, encoded in the "Rt" field.

For encoding T2: is the general-purpose register to be transferred, encoded in the "Rt" field. The SP can be used. The PC can be used, provided the instruction is either outside an IT block or the last instruction of an IT block. If the PC is used, the instruction branches to the address (data) loaded to the PC. This is an interworking branch, see Pseudocode description of operations on the AArch32 general-purpose registers and the PC.

<label>

For encoding A1 and T2: the label of the literal data item that is to be loaded into <Rt>. The assembler calculates the required value of the offset from the Align(PC, 4) value of the instruction to this label. Permitted values of the offset are -4095 to 4095.

If the offset is zero or positive, imm32 is equal to the offset and add == TRUE, encoded as U == 1.

If the offset is negative, imm32 is equal to minus the offset and add == FALSE, encoded as U == 0.

For encoding T1: the label of the literal data item that is to be loaded into <Rt>. The assembler calculates the required value of the offset from the Align(PC, 4) value of the instruction to this label. Permitted values of the offset are Multiples of four in the range 0 to 1020.

+/-

Specifies the offset is added to or subtracted from the base register, defaulting to + if omitted and encoded in U:

U +/-
0 -
1 +
<imm>

For encoding A1: is the 12-bit unsigned immediate byte offset, in the range 0 to 4095, defaulting to 0 if omitted, and encoded in the "imm12" field.

For encoding T2: is a 12-bit unsigned immediate byte offset, in the range 0 to 4095, encoded in the "imm12" field.

The alternative syntax permits the addition or subtraction of the offset and the immediate offset to be specified separately, including permitting a subtraction of 0 that cannot be specified using the normal syntax. For more information, see Use of labels in UAL instruction syntax.

Operation

if ConditionPassed() then EncodingSpecificOperations(); constant base = Align(PC32,4); constant address = if add then (base + imm32) else (base - imm32); constant data = MemU[address,4]; if t == 15 then if address<1:0> == '00' then LoadWritePC(data); else UNPREDICTABLE; else R[t] = data;

Operational information

If CPSR.DIT is 1, the timing of this instruction is insensitive to the value of the data being loaded or stored.


Internal version only: isa v01_31, pseudocode v2024-03_rel ; Build timestamp: 2024-03-25T10:05

Copyright © 2010-2024 Arm Limited or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This document is Non-Confidential.